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HMC909LP4E
v00.0410
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
Features
Broadband single-ended rF Input 1 dB Detection Accuracy to 5.8 GHz Input Dynamic range: -51 dBm to -11 dBm rF signal wave shape & crest Factor Independent Digitally Programmable Integration Bandwidth +5V operation from -40c to +85c excellent temperature stability Power-Down Mode 24 Lead 4x4mm sMt Package: 16mm
Typical Applications
the HMC909LP4E is ideal for: * Log -> root-Mean-square (rMs) conversion * received signal strength Indication (rssI) * transmitter signal strength Indication (tssI) * rF Power Amplifier efficiency control * receiver Automatic Gain control * transmitter Power control
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Power Detectors - sMt
Functional Diagram
General Description
the HMC909LP4E Power Detector is designed for rF power measurement, and control applications for frequencies up to 5.8 GHz. the detector provides a "true rMs" representation of any broadband, singleended rF/IF input signal. the output is a temperature compensated monotonic, representation of real signal power, measured with an input sensing range of 40 dB. the HMC909LP4E is ideally suited to those wide bandwidth, wide dynamic range applications, requiring repeatable measurement of real signal power, especially where rF/IF wave shape and/or crest factor change with time. the integration bandwidth of the HMC909LP4E is digitally programmable with the use of input pins scI1-4 with a range of more than 4 decade. this allows the user to dynamically set the operation bandwidth providing the capability of handling different types of modulations on the same platform. HMC909LP4E features an internal op-amp at output stage, which provides for slope / intercept adjustments and enables controller application.
Electrical Specifications, TA = +25 C, Vcc = 5V
Parameter Dynamic Range (1dB error) [1] Input Frequency single ended Input configuration 100 40 900 40 1900 40 2200 39 2700 38 3500 37 3900 36 1 5800 24 MHz dB dB typ. typ. typ. typ. typ. typ. typ. typ. Units
Deviation vs Temperature: (over full temperature range -40 c to 85 c). Deviation is measured from reference, which is the same wcDMA input at 25 c. [1] with wcDMA 4 carrier (tMI1-64 DPcH)
11 - 1
For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
HMC909LP4E
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
Table 2: Electrical Specifications II
TA = +25 C, Vcc = 5V, Sci4 = Sci1 = 0V, Sci3 = Sci2 = 5V, Unless Otherwise Noted
Parameter Input Frequency wcDMA 4 carrier (tM1-64 DPcH) at +25 c wcDMA 4 carrier (tM1-64 DPcH) at +85 c wcDMA 4 carrier (tM1-64 DPcH) at -40 c Logarithmic Slope and Intercept [1] Logarithmic slope Logarithmic Intercept Max. Input Power at 1dB error Min. Input Power at 1dB error [1] with wcDMA 4 carrier (tM1-64 DPcH) 36.2 -70.1 -12 -52 36.3 -69.7 -12 -52 36.9 -68.5 -11 -51 37.5 -67.7 -11 50 39.2 -65.6 -12 -50 42.6 -61.8 -12 -49 44.6 -59.1 -11 -47 66.9 -44.5 -12 -36 mV/dB dBm dBm dBm typ. 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 typ. 900 0.1 0.1 0.1 typ. 1900 0.1 0.1 0.1 typ. 2200 0.1 0.1 0.1 typ. 2700 0.1 0.1 0.1 typ. 3500 0.1 0.1 0.1 typ. 3900 0.1 0.1 0.1 typ. 5800 0.4 0.4 0.3 Units MHz dB dB dB
Modulation Deviation (output deviation from reference, which is measured with cw input at equivalent input signal power)
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Power Detectors - sMt
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RMSOUT vs. Pin with Different Modulations @ 1900 MHz [2]
3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 INPUT POWER (dBm)
Ideal CW WCDMA 4 carriers WCDMA single carrier
RMSOUT Error vs. Pin with Different Modulations @ 1900 MHz [2]
4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 INPUT POWER (dBm)
CW WCDMA 4 carriers WCDMA single carrier
[2] sci4=sci1=0V, sci3=sci2=5V
RMSOUT (V)
For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
HMC909LP4E
v00.0410
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
Table 3: Electrical Specifications III
TA = +25 C, Vcc = 5V, Sci4 = Sci1 = 0V, Sci3 = Sci2 = 5V, Unless Otherwise Noted
Parameter Single-Ended Input Configuration Input Network return Loss Input resistance between IN+ and INInput Voltage range RMSOUT Output output Voltage range source/sink current compliance rMsoUt held at Vcc/2 sci4=sci3=sci2=sci1=0V, cofs=1nF For control applications with nominal slope/intercept settings 0.35 to 2.1 8 / -0.53 28 / 0.86 V mA 10 6 V/s up to 2.5 GHz Between pins 3 and 4 VDIFFIN = VIN+ - VIN> 10 120 1.2 dB V conditions Min typ. Max Units
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Power Detectors - sMt
output slew rate (rise / fall) VSET Input (Negative Feedback Terminal) Input Voltage range Input resistance
0.35 to 2.1 5 0.7xVcc 0.3xVcc 1 1 0.5 4.5 5 39 41.6 3 5.5
V M V V A A pf V mA mA mA
SCI1-4 Inputs, ENX Logic Input (Power Down Control) Input High Voltage Input Low Voltage Input High current Input Low current Input capacitance Power Supply supply Voltage supply current with no input power supply current with -20 dBm standby Mode supply current
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For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
HMC909LP4E
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 100 MHz [1][2]
2.4 2.15 1.9 RMSOUT (V) 1.65 1.4 1.15 0.9 0.65 0.4 -50 -40 -30 INPUT POWER (dBm) -20
Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C
RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 900 MHz [1][2]
2.4 2.15 1.9 RMSOUT (V) 1.65 1.4 1.15 0.9 0.65 0.4 -50 -40 -30 INPUT POWER (dBm) -20
Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C
4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -10 ERROR (dB)
4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -10 ERROR (dB)
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Power Detectors - sMt
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RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 1900 MHz [1][2]
2.4 2.15 1.9 RMSOUT (V) 1.65 1.4 1.15 0.9 0.65 0.4 -50 -40 -30 INPUT POWER (dBm) -20
Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C
RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 2200 MHz [1][2]
2.4 2.15 1.9 RMSOUT (V) 1.65 1.4 1.15 0.9 0.65 0.4 -50 -40 -30 INPUT POWER (dBm) -20
Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C
4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -10 ERROR (dB)
4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -10 ERROR (dB)
RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 2700 MHz [1][2]
2.4 2.15 1.9 RMSOUT (V) 1.65 1.4 1.15 0.9 0.65 0.4 -50 -40 -30 INPUT POWER (dBm) -20
Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C
RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 3500 MHz [1][2]
2.4 2.15 1.9 RMSOUT (V) 1.65 1.4 1.15 0.9 0.65 0.4 -50 -40 -30 INPUT POWER (dBm) -20
Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C
4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -10 ERROR (dB)
4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -10 ERROR (dB)
[1] scI1=scI4=0V, scI2=scI3=5V [2] wcDMA 4 carriers input waveform
For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
HMC909LP4E
v00.0410
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 5800 MHz [1][2]
2.4 2.15 1.9 RMSOUT (V) 1.65 1.4 1.15 0.9 0.65 0.4 -40 -30 -20 INPUT POWER (dBm)
Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C
RMSOUT & Error vs. Pin @ 3900 MHz [1][2]
2.4 2.15 1.9 RMSOUT (V) 1.65 1.4 1.15 0.9
Ideal LOGOUT +25C LOGOUT +85C LOGOUT -40C ERR +25C ERR +85C ERR -40C
4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -40 -30 INPUT POWER (dBm) -20 -10 ERROR (dB)
4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -10 ERROR (dB)
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Power Detectors - sMt
0.65 0.4 -50
Intercept vs. Frequency [1][2]
-40
Slope vs. Frequency [1][2]
80
INTERCEPT (dBm)
-50
SLOPE (mV/dB)
+25C +85C -40C
70
+25C +85C -40C
60
-60
50
-70
40
-80
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
30
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
FREQUENCY (MHz)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
RMSOUT vs. Pin with WCDMA 4 Carrier @ +25 C [1]
2.5
100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 5800MHz
RMSOUT Error vs. Pin with WCDMA 4 Carrier @ +25 C [1]
4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3
100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 5800MHz
2 RMSOUT (V)
1.5
1
0.5
0 -70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
-4 -60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
INPUT POWER (dBm)
INPUT POWER (dBm)
[1] scI1=scI4=0V, scI2=scI3=5V
[2] wcDMA 4 carriers input waveform
11 - 5
For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
HMC909LP4E
v00.0410
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
RMSOUT Error vs. Pin with WCDMA 4 Carrier @ -40 C wrt +25 C Response [1]
4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3
100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 5800MHz
RMSOUT Error vs. Pin with WCDMA 4 Carrier @ +85 C wrt +25 C Response [1]
4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -60 -50 -40
100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 5800MHz
-30
-20
-10
-4 -60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
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Power Detectors - sMt
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INPUT POWER (dBm)
INPUT POWER (dBm)
RMSOUT vs. Pin with CW @ +25 C [1]
2.5
100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 5800MHz
RMSOUT Error vs. Pin with CW @ +25 C [1]
4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3
100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 5800MHz
2 RMSOUT (V)
1.5
1
0.5
0 -70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
-4 -60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
INPUT POWER (dBm)
INPUT POWER (dBm)
RMSOUT vs. Pin w/ CW & WCDMA 4 Carrier @ 1900 MHz & +25 C [1]
2.4 2 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0 -70
CW WCDMA
Reading Error for WCDMA 4 Carrier wrt CW Response @ +25 C [1]
1 0.8 0.6 0.4 ERROR (dB) 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8
100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 5800MHz
RMSOUT (V)
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
-1 -50
-40
-30 INPUT POWER (dBm)
-20
-10
INPUT POWER (dBm)
[1] scI1=scI4=0V, scI2=scI3=5V
For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
HMC909LP4E
v00.0410
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
Reading Error for WCDMA 4 Carrier wrt CW Response @ +85 C [1]
1 0.8
RMSOUT vs. Pin w/ CW & WCDMA 4 Carrier @ 1900 MHz & +85 C [1]
2.4 2 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0 -70
CW WCDMA
0.6 0.4 ERROR (dB) 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8
100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 5800MHz
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Power Detectors - sMt
RMSOUT (V)
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
-1 -50
-40
-30 INPUT POWER (dBm)
-20
-10
INPUT POWER (dBm)
RMSOUT vs. Pin w/ CW & WCDMA 4 Carrier @ 1900 MHz & -40 C [1]
2.4 2 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0 -70
CW WCDMA
Reading Error for WCDMA 4 Carrier wrt CW Response @ -40 C [1]
1 0.8 0.6 0.4 ERROR (dB) 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8
100MHz 900MHz 1900MHz 2200MHz 2700MHz 3500MHz 3900MHz 5800MHz
RMSOUT (V)
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
-1 -50
-40
-30 INPUT POWER (dBm)
-20
-10
INPUT POWER (dBm)
Output Response with SCI = 0000 @ 1900 MHz
2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 TIME (us)
RF ON RF OFF RF OFF -40 dBm -20 dBm
Output Response with SCI = 1111 @ 1900 MHz
25 20 RF ENABLE VOLTAGE (V) 15 10 5 0 -5 18 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 TIME (ms)
RF ON RF OFF RF OFF -40 dBm -20 dBm
25 20 RF ENABLE VOLTAGE (V) 15 10 5 0 -5 180
RMSOUT (V)
[1] scI1=scI4=0V, scI2=scI3=5V
11 - 7
For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
RMSOUT (V)
HMC909LP4E
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
Input Return Loss vs. Frequency
0 -5 RETURN LOSS (dB)
Typical Supply Current vs. Pin, Vcc = 5V
50
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
45
-10 -15 -20 -25
40
+25C +85C -40C
35
30 -70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
-30
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
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Power Detectors - sMt
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INPUT POWER (dBm)
FREQUENCY (GHz)
Output Ripple & Rise/Fall Time vs. Integration Setting [Sci4,Sci3,Sci2,Sci1] in Decimal
2100 1800
Ripple with WCDMA4TM Ripple with WCDMA1TM Ripple with 8 Tone (1kHz seperation) Ripple with 8 Tone (10kHz seperation)
100000 10000 1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
OUTPUT RIPPLE (mVp-p)
1500 1200 900 600 300 0
RISE/FALL TIME (us)
Rise Time Fall Time
INTEGRATION SETTLING (IN DECIMAL)
For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
HMC909LP4E
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Power supply Voltage (Vcc) rF Input Power Input Voltage Junction temperature continuous Pdiss (t = 85c) (Derate 32.45 mw/c above 85c) thermal resistance (rth) (junction to ground paddle) 5.6V 10 dBm 1.2 Vp-p 125 c 1.3 w 30.82 c/w -65 to +150 c -40 to +85 c
eLectrostAtIc seNsItIVe DeVIce oBserVe HANDLING PrecAUtIoNs
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Power Detectors - sMt
storage temperature operating temperature
Outline Drawing
Notes: 1. LeADFrAMe MAterIAL: coPPer ALLoY 2. DIMeNsIoNs Are IN INcHes [MILLIMeters]. 3. LeAD sPAcING toLerANce Is NoN-cUMULAtIVe 4. PAD BUrr LeNGtH sHALL Be 0.15mm MAXIMUM. PAD BUrr HeIGHt sHALL Be 0.05mm MAXIMUM. 5. PAcKAGe wArP sHALL Not eXceeD 0.05mm. 6. ALL GroUND LeADs AND GroUND PADDLe MUst Be soLDereD to PcB rF GroUND. 7. reFer to HMc APPLIcAtIoN Note For sUGGesteD PcB LAND PAtterN.
Package Information
Part Number HMC909LP4E Package Body Material roHs-compliant Low stress Injection Molded Plastic Lead Finish 100% matte sn MsL rating MsL1
[2]
Package Marking [1] H909 XXXX
[1] 4-Digit lot number XXXX [2] Max peak reflow temperature of 260 c
11 - 9
For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
HMC909LP4E
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
Pin Descriptions
Pin Number Function Description Interface schematic
1, 16, 21, 23
Vcc
Power supply. connect supply voltage to these pins with appropriate filtering.
2, 5, 6, 8, 11 - 13, 22, 24 Package Base
GND
Package bottom has an exposed metal paddle that must be connected to rF/Dc ground.
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Power Detectors - sMt
11 - 10
3, 4
IN+, IN-
rF Input pins. see application information for input interfacing.
7
eNX
Disable pin. connect to GND for normal operation. Applying voltage V>0.8xVcc will initiate power saving mode
For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
HMC909LP4E
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
Pin Descriptions (Continued)
Pin Number Function Description Interface schematic
9, 10
coFsA, coFsB
High pass filter capacitor input. connect a capacitor between coFsA and coFsB to determine 3 dB point of input signal high-pass filter.
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Power Detectors - sMt
14 Vset setpoint input for controller mode. Allows change of output slope resulting in output power leveling.
15
rMsoUt
Logarithmic output that provides an indication of mean square input power.
17 - 20
scI1 - scI4
Digitally Programmable Integration Bandwidth control. Input pins that control the internal integration time constant for rMs calculation. scI4 is the most significant bit. set V>0.8xVcc to enable and V<0.2xVcc to disable (active high). shortest integration time is for scI=0000, longest integration time is for scI=1111. each step changes the integration time by 1 octave.
11 - 11
For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
HMC909LP4E
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
Application Circuit
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Power Detectors - sMt
11 - 12
Note: For the values of c3, c4, refer to wideband single-ended Input Interface in Application Information
For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
Evaluation PCB
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Power Detectors - sMt
List of Materials for Evaluation PCB 129547 [1]
Item J1, J2 tP1 - tP9 c1, c10, c16 c2, c5, c11, c17 c3, c4, c6 r2, r12 - r15 r3 - r5, r9, r10 r6, r7 r11 U1 PcB [2] Description Pc Mount sMA connector Dc Pin 100 pF capacitor, 0402 Pkg. 100 nF capacitor, 0402 Pkg. 1000 pF capacitor, 0402 Pkg. 10K resistor, 0402 Pkg. 0 ohm resistor, 0402 Pkg. 4.7K resistor, 0402 Pkg. 100 ohm resistor, 0402 Pkg. HMC909LP4E rMs Power Detector 128683 evaluation PcB
the circuit board used in the application should use rF circuit design techniques. signal lines should have 50 ohm impedance while the package ground leads and exposed paddle should be connected directly to the ground plane similar to that shown. A sufficient number of via holes should be used to connect the top and bottom ground planes. the evaluation circuit board shown is available from Hittite upon request. Board is configured with wideband single-ended input interface suitable for input signal frequencies above 100 MHz. refer to wideband single-ended input interface section in application information for operating with signals below 100 MHz.
[1] reference this number when ordering complete evaluation PcB [2] circuit Board Material: rogers 4350
11 - 13
For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
Application Information
Principle of Operation
11
RMSOUT vs. PIN
3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -65
IDEAL MEASURED
PIN = rMsoUt / [log-slope] + [log-intercept], dBm
-60
-55
-50
-45 -40 -35 -30 -25 INPUT POWER (dBm)
-20
-15
-10
Monolithic true-rMs detectors are in-effect analog calculators, calculating the rMs value of the input signal, unlike other types of power detectors which are designed to respond to the rF signal envelope. At the core of an rMs detector is a full-wave rectifier, log/antilog circuit, and an integrator. the rMs output signal is directly proportional to the logarithm of the time-average of VIN2. the bias block also contains temperature compensation circuits which stabilize output accuracy over the entire operating temperature range. the Dc offset cancellation circuit actively cancels internal offsets so that even very small input signals can be measured accurately.
Configuration For The Typical Application
the rF input can be connected in wideband single-ended configuration: see "rF Input Interface" section for details on input configuration. the rMs output signal is typically connected to Vset, through a resistive network providing a Pin -> rMsoUt transfer characteristic slope of 36.9mV/dBm (at 1900 MHz), however the rMs output can be re-scaled to "magnify" a specific portion of the input sensing range, and to fully utilize the dynamic range of the rMs output. refer to the section under the "log-slope and intercept" heading for details. Due to part-to-part variations in log-slope and log-intercept, a system-level calibration is recommended to satisfy absolute accuracy requirements: refer to the "system calibration" section for more details.
For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
11 - 14
Power Detectors - sMt
RMSOUT (V)
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
RF Input Interface
the IN+ and IN- pins are differential rF inputs, which are externally configured for wideband with single ended input. Power match components are placed at these input terminals, along with Dc blocking capacitors. the coupling capacitor values also set the lower spectral boundary of the input signal bandwidth. the inputs can be reactively matched (refer to input return loss graphs), but a resistor network should be sufficient for good wideband performance. Wideband Single-Ended Input Interface: choose the input decoupling capacitor (c3, c4) values by first determining the lowest spectral component the power detector is required to sense, L. Input decoupling capacitor value 1 P x L x 3.2 , Farads, where L is in Hertz
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Power Detectors - sMt
ex. If the power detector needs to sense down to 10MHz, the decoupling capacitor value should be 1/(*10e6*3.2) = 10nF A Dc bias (Vcc-1.2V) is present on the IN+ and IN- pins, and should not be overridden
RMS Output Interface and Transient Response
the HMC909LP4E features digital input pins (scI1-scI4) that control the internal integration time constant. output transient response is determined by the digital integration controls, and output load conditions. the scI4 is the most significant bit, and longest integration time is for scI=1111. Using larger values of scI will narrow the operating bandwidth of the integrator, resulting in a longer averaging time interval and a more filtered output signal; however it will also slow the power detector's transient response. A larger scI value favors output accuracy over speed. For the fastest possible transient settling times set scI to 0000. this configuration will operate the integrator at its widest possible bandwidth, resulting in short averaging time-interval and an output signal with little filtering. Most applications will choose a scI setting that maintains balance between speed and accuracy. Furthermore, error performance over modulation bandwidth is dependent on the scI setting. For example modulations with relatively low frequency components and high crest factors may require higher scI (integration) settings.
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For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
HMC909LP4E
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
Table: Transient Response vs. SCI Setting [1]:
rMsoUt rise-time 10% -> 90% (s) scI4,3,2,1 0000 0010 0100 0110 1000 1010 1100 1111 Pin = -20 dBm 0.042 0.042 0.06 2.6 13 48 190 1400 Pin = -40 dBm 0.032 0.134 1.32 5.55 25.5 104 460 4000 rMsoUt rise settling time (s) [2] Pin = -20 dBm 0.408 0.484 2.6 10.2 59 208 870 6200 Pin = -40 dBm 0.484 0.488 2.12 9.3 38 180 800 7200 rMsoUt Fall-time 100% -> 10% (s) Pin = -20 dBm 1.7 5.5 19.5 86 350 1500 6200 50000 Pin = -40 dBm 1.72 5.4 23 90 380 1600 6500 53000
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Power Detectors - sMt
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Rise Time[3] vs. SCI Setting over Input Power
10000 1000 RISE TIME (us) 100 10 1 0.1 0.01
-40 dBm -20 dBm
Rise Settling Time [2] vs. SCI Setting over Input Power
100000 10000 1000 RISE TIME (us) 100 10 1 0.1
-40 dBm -20 dBm
0
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 INTEGRATION SETTING (IN DECIMAL)
0
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 INTEGRATION SETTING (IN DECIMAL)
Fall Time [4] vs. SCI Setting over Input Power
100000
-40 dBm -20 dBm
10000 FALL TIME (us)
1000
For increased load drive capability, consider a buffer amplifier on the rMs output. Using an integrating amplifier on the rMs output allows for an alternative treatment for faster settling times. An external amplifier optimized for transient settling can also provide additional rMs filtering, when operating HMC909LP4E with a lower scI value. Following figures show how the peak-to-peak ripple decreases with higher scI settings along with the rF pulse response over different modulations.
100
10
1
0
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 INTEGRATION SETTING (IN DECIMAL)
[1] Input signal is 1900 MHz cw -tone switched on and off [2] Measured from rF switching edge to 1dB (input referred) settling of rMsoUt. [3] Measured from 10% to 90% [4] Measured from 100% to 10%
For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
HMC909LP4E
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
Residual Ripple for 1.9 GHz WiMAX OFDM Advanced 802.16 @ SCI = 0010
2 1.8 1.6 1.4 RMSOUT (V) 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 TIME (us)
RMSOUT SCI = 0000 SCI = 0010 RF INPUT
Residual Ripple for 1.9 GHz WiMAX OFDM Advanced 802.16 @ SCI = 0001
2 1.8 1.6 1.4 RMSOUT (V) 1.2 1 0.8 0.6
RMSOUT SCI = 0000 SCI = 0001 RF INPUT
100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 TIME (us) RF INPUT VOLTAGE (mV)
100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 500 RF INPUT VOLTAGE (mV)
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Power Detectors - sMt
0.4 0.2 0
Residual Ripple for 1.9 GHz WiMAX OFDM Advanced 802.16 @ SCI = 0011
2 1.8 1.6 1.4 RMSOUT (V) 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 TIME (us)
RMSOUT SCI = 0000 SCI = 0011 RF INPUT
Residual Ripple for 1.9 GHz WiMAX OFDM Advanced 802.16 @ SCI = 0100
2 1.8 1.6 1.4 RMSOUT (V) 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 TIME (us)
RMSOUT SCI = 0000 SCI = 0100 RF INPUT
100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 500 RF INPUT VOLTAGE (mV)
100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 500 RF INPUT VOLTAGE (mV)
Residual Ripple for 1.9 GHz WiMAX OFDM Advanced 802.16 @ SCI = 0101
2 1.8 1.6 1.4 RMSOUT (V) 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 TIME (us)
RMSOUT SCI = 0000 SCI = 0101 RF INPUT
Residual Ripple for 1.9 GHz WiMAX OFDM Advanced 802.16 @ SCI = 0110
2 1.8 1.6 1.4 RMSOUT (V) 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0
RMSOUT SCI = 0000 SCI = 0110 RF INPUT
100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 500 RF INPUT VOLTAGE (mV)
100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 TIME (us) RF INPUT VOLTAGE (mV)
50
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For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
HMC909LP4E
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
LOG-Slope and Intercept
the HMC909LP4E provides for an adjustment of output scale with the use of an integrated operational amplifier. Logslope and intercept can be adjusted to "magnify" a specific portion of the input sensing range, and to fully utilize the dynamic range of the rMs output. A log-slope of 36.9mV/dB (@1900 MHz) is set by connecting rMs output to Vset through resistor network for = 1 (see application schematic). the log-slope is adjusted by applying the appropriate resistors on the rMs and Vset pins. Log-intercept is adjusted by applying a Dc voltage to the Vset pin.
11
optimized slope = * log-slope optimized intercept = log-intercept - (rFBK /rset) * VBLINe
= rFBK rFBK // rsHUNt // rset
when rFBK=0 to set rMsoUt=Vset, then =1/2 If rset is not populated, then = 1/2 * (rFBK/ (rFBK // rsHUNt)) and intercept is at nominal value.
example: the logarithmic slope can be simply increased by choosing appropriate rFBK and rsHUNt values while not populating the rset resistor on the evaluation board to keep the intercept at nominal value. setting rFBK =4.7K and rsHUNt = 2.2K results in an optimized slope of: optimized slope = * log_slope = 1.57* 36.9mV / dB optimized slope = 58 mV / dB
Slope Adjustment
4.5 4 3.5 RMSOUT (V) 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30
Slope = 36.9 mV/dB Rset = open Rfbk = 4.7 Kohm Rshunt = 4.7 Kohm High Slope Nominal
Slope = 58 mV/dB Rset = open Rfbk = 4.7 Kohm Rshunt = 2.2 Kohm
-20
-10
0
INPUT POWER (dBm)
For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
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Power Detectors - sMt
HMC909LP4E
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
example: the logarithmic intercept can also be adjusted by choosing appropriate rFBK, rsHUNt, and rset values. setting rFBK = 4.7K, rsHUNt =2.2K, and rset = 24K results in an optimized slope of: optimized slope = * log_slope = 1.67 * 36.9 mV / dB optimized slope = 62 mV / dB optimized Intercept = log_intercept -(rFBK/rset)*VBLINe optimized Intercept = log_intercept - 0.196 * VBLINe
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Power Detectors - sMt
RMSOUT (V)
Intercept Adjustment
4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30
Rset = 24 Kohm Rfbk = 4.7 Kohm Rshunt = 2.2 Kohm VBLINE = -3.2 V VBLINE = -1.6 V VBLINE = -0.8 V VBLINE = 0V VBLINE = +0.8 V VBLINE = +1.6 V VBLINE = +3.2 V
-20
-10
0
INPUT POWER (dBm)
DC Offset Compensation Loop
Internal Dc offsets, which are input signal dependant, require continuous cancellation. offset cancellation is a critical function needed for maintenance of measurement accuracy and sensitivity. the Dc offset cancellation loop performs this function, and its response is largely defined by the capacitance (coFs) connected between coFsA, coFsB pins. coFs sets the loop bandwidth of the Dc offset compensations. Higher coFs values are required for measuring lower rF frequencies. the optimal loop bandwidth setting will allow internal offsets to be cancelled at a minimally acceptable speed. Dc offset cancellation Loop Bandwidth , Hz
For example: loop bandwidth for Dc cancellation with coFs = 1nF, bandwidth is ~62 kHz
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For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
HMC909LP4E
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
Standby Mode
the eNX can be used to force the power detector into a low-power standby mode. As eNX is deactivated, power is restored to all of the circuits. there is no memory of previous conditions. coming-out of stand-by, internal integration and coFs capacitors will require recharging, so if large scI values have been chosen, the wake-up time will be lengthened.
Modulation Performance - Crest factor performance
the HMC909LP4E can detect modulated signals with very high crest factors accurately. For example, up to 2.7 GHz, a modulated rF signal with a crest factor of 15 dB can be detected with 0.3 dB error.
RMSOUT Error vs. Crest Factor over Frequency
1
900 MHz error from CW (-22 dBm) 1900 MHz error from CW (-22 dBm) 2700 MHz error from CW (-22 dBm) 3900 MHz error from CW (-22 dBm)
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Power Detectors - sMt
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0.8 RMSOUT ERROR (dB) 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 3 4 5 6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
CREST FACTOR (dB)
System Calibration
Due to part-to-part variations in log-slope and log-intercept, a system-level calibration is recommended to satisfy absolute accuracy requirements. when performing this calibration, choose at least two test points: near the top end and bottom-end of the measurement range. It is best to measure the calibration points in the regions (of frequency and amplitude) where accuracy is most important. Derive the log-slope and log-intercept, and store them in nonvolatile memory. For example if the following two calibration points were measured at 2.2 GHz: with rMsoUt = 1.81V at Pin= -20 dBm, and rMsoUt = 1.03V at Pin= -40 dBm slope calibration constant = scc scc = (-40+20)/(1.03-1.81) = 25.64 dB/V intercept calibration constant = Icc Icc = Pin - scc*rMsoUt = -20 - 25.64 * 1.81 = -66.41 dBm Now performing a power measurement at -30 dBm: rMsoUt measures 1.40V [Measured Pin] = [Measured rMsoUt]*scc + Icc [Measured Pin] = 1.40 * 25.64 - 66.41 = -30.51 dBm An error of only 0.51 dB Factory system calibration measurements should be made using an input signal representative of the application. If the power detector will operate over a wide range of frequencies, choose a central frequency for calibration.
For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
HMC909LP4E
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RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
Layout Considerations
* Mount rF input coupling capacitors close to the IN+ and IN- pins. * solder the heat slug on the package underside to a grounded island which can draw heat away from the die with low thermal impedance. the grounded island should be at rF ground potential. * connect power detector ground to the rF ground plane, and mount the supply decoupling capacitors close to the supply pins.
Definitions:
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Power Detectors - sMt
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* Log-slope: slope of PIN -> rMsoUt transfer characteristic. In units of mV/dB * Log-intercept: x-axis intercept of PIN -> rMsoUt transfer characteristic. In units of dBm. * rMs output error: the difference between the measured PIN and actual PIN using a line of best fit. [measured_PIN] = [measured_ rMsoUt] / [best-fit-slope] + [best-fit-intercept], dBm * Input Dynamic range: the range of average input power for which there is a corresponding rMs output voltage with "rMs output error" falling within a specific error tolerance. * crest Factor: Peak power to average power ratio for time-varying signals.
For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
HMC909LP4E
v00.0410
www..com
RMS POWER DETECTOR SINGLE-ENDED, DC - 5.8 GHz
Notes:
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Power Detectors - sMt
For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 20 Alpha Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com Application Support: Phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
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